Agnes Pockels was a self-taught chemist who pioneered the study of surface chemistry through experiments at home.

Barbara McClintock was a geneticist who discovered transposable genes, revealing that genes can move within chromosomes.

Dorothy Hodgkin was a chemist who used X-ray crystallography to uncover the structures of important molecules, including penicillin and vitamin B12.

Maria Goeppert Mayer was a physicist who developed the nuclear shell model, explaining how protons and neutrons are arranged within an atomic nucleus.

Marie-Anne Paulze Lavoisier was a chemist and scientific illustrator who helped advance modern chemistry through her experiments, translations, and detailed scientific illustrations.

Marie Curie was a physicist and chemist who pioneered research on radioactivity and discovered the elements polonium and radium.

Rosalind Franklin was a chemist whose X-ray images of DNA provided crucial evidence for understanding its double-helix structure.